Solar passive design - uses sunlight without active mechanical systems, converting sunlight into usable heat, causing air-movement for ventilating, orientation for reduced heat and enhanced lighting.

Most countries in the tropics have a history of solar passive buildings and it is called “Vernacular architecture”.

In hot dry regions with hot days and cold nights, the vernacular architecture developed a balance between
1. Thermal mass / time lag with controlled ventilation
2. Shading systems with indirect lighting

In hot humid regions
1. Low thermal mass with Natural ventilation
2. Shading Systems

With the introduction of air conditioning, architecture becomes independent from climate, giving birth to pure aesthetics - increasing energy consumption globally and architecture looses its “sustainability”

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